Understanding Kuznets Curve

The Kuznets curve is a hypothetical curve that graphs economic inequality against income per capita over the course of economic development (which was presumed to correlate with time). This curve is meant to illustrate economist Simon Kuznets’ (1901-1985) hypothesis about the behavior and relationship of these two variables as an economy develops from a primarily rural agricultural society to an industrialized urban economy. Kuznets’ Hypothesis In the 1950s and 1960s, Simon Kuznets hypothesized that as an economy develops, market forces first increase then decrease the overall economic inequality of the society, which is illustrated by the inverted U-shape of the Kuznets curve. For instance, the hypothesis holds that in the early development of an economy, new investment opportunities increase for those who already have the capital to invest. These new investment opportunities mean that those who already hold the wealth have the opportunity to increase that wealth. Conversely, the influx of inexpensive rural labor to the cities keeps wages down for the working class thus widening the income gap and escalating economic inequality. The Kuznets curve implies that as a society industrializes, the center of the economy shifts from rural areas to the cities as rural laborers, such as farmers,  begin to migrate seeking better-paying jobs. This migration, however, results in a large rural-urban income gap and rural populations decrease as urban populations increase. But according to Kuznets’ hypothesis, that same economic inequality is expected to decrease when a certain level of average income is reached and the processes associated with industrialization, such as democratization and the development of a welfare state, take hold. It is at this point in economic development that society is meant to benefit from trickle-down effect and an increase in per-capita income that effectively decreases economic inequality.   Graph The inverted U-shape of Kuznets curve illustrates the basic elements of the Kuznets’ hypothesis with income per capita graphed on the horizontal x-axis and economic inequality on the vertical y-axis. The graph shows income inequality following the curve, first increasing before decreasing after hitting a peak as per-capita income increases over the course of economic development. Criticism Kuznets’ curve has not survived without its share of critics. In fact, Kuznets himself emphasized the â€Å"fragility of [his] data† among other caveats in his paper. The primary argument of critics of Kuznets’ hypothesis and its resulting graphical representation is based on the countries used in Kuznets’ data set. Critics say that the Kuznets curve does not reflect an average progression of economic development for an individual country, but rather it is a representation of historical differences in economic development and inequality between countries in the dataset. The middle-income countries used in the data set are used as evidence for this claim as Kuznets primarily used countries in Latin America, which have had histories of high levels of economic inequality as compared to their counterparts in terms of similar economic development. The critics hold that when controlling for this variable, the inverted U-shape of the Kuznets curve begins to dimin ish. Other criticisms have come to light over time as more economists have developed hypotheses with more dimensions and more countries had undergone rapid economic growth that did not necessarily follow Kuznets’ hypothesized pattern. Today, the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC)—a variation on the Kuznets curve—has become standard in environmental policy and technical literature.

Essay on The Failure of the War on Drugs - 1025 Words

In the early 1980s, policymakers and law enforcement officials stepped up efforts to combat the trafficking and use of illicit drugs. This was the popular â€Å"war on drugs,† hailed by conservatives and liberals alike as a means to restore order and hope to communities and families plagued by anti-social or self-destructive pathologies. By reducing illicit drug use, many claimed, the drug war would significantly reduce the rate of serious nondrug crimes - robbery, assault, rape, homicide and the like. Has the drug war succeeded in doing so? In Illicit Drugs and Crime, Bruce L. Benson and David W. Rasmussen (Professors of Economics, Florida State University, and Research Fellows, the Independent Institute), reply with a resounding no. Not†¦show more content†¦Certainly many violent and property criminals use drugs. But only a small percentage of drug users commit violent or property crimes. Drug offenders are far more likely to recidivate for a drug offense than for a violent offense or property crime. Is drug use to blame for the crimes drug users do commit? Benson and Rasmussen suggest that the reverse is closer to the mark: Many criminals who use drugs did not begin to do so until after they began committing nondrug crimes. A Bureau of Justice Statistics survey of prison inmates found that about half of the inmates who had used a major drug, and about 60 percent of those who used a major drug regularly, did not do so until after their first arrest for a nondrug crime. â€Å"Similarly,† Benson and Rasmussen note, â€Å"more than half of local jail inmates who reported they were regular drug users in the survey . . . said that their first arrest for a crime occurred an average of two years before their drug use. Once an individual has decided to turn to crime as a source of income, he or she may discover that drugs are more easily obtained within the criminal subculture and perhaps that the risks posed by the criminal justice system are not as great as initially anticipated. Furthermore, criminal activity generates income with which to buy goods that previously were not affordable, including drugs. Thus, crime leads to drug use, not vice versa.† Because relatively few illicit drug offenders commitShow MoreRelatedThe Failure of the War on Drugs Essay1529 Words   |  7 PagesThe War on Drugs in the United States has a profound influence on both the incarceration rates and activities of the criminal justice system. Many politicians and advocates of the policy claim that the War on Drugs is a necessary element to deter criminal behavior and reduce the crime rate. However, studies show that drug deterrent policies on possession and use have been inadequate and unsuccessful (Cole Gertz, 2013). Studies also show that the War on Drugs has not attained its objectives becauseRead More War on Drugs is a Dismal Failure Essay2868 Words   |  12 Pagesthe House recently approved a bill that included $1.7 billion to combat the drug cartels of Columbia with additional military aid.   In doing so, they perpetuated what could be one of the United States most misguided policies of recent history. At least some Republicans can give themselves a pat on the back for attempting to remove the Columbian aid from the $13 billion foreign aid bill.   Unfortunately, todays drug war is largely a Reagan-era Republican creation, so intoxicating that even theRead MoreThe War On Drugs Has Been A Well Intentioned Failure Essay1689 Words   |  7 PagesThe war on drugs has been a well-intentioned failure. The world’s desire was to keep people away from dangerous substances and to eliminate the violent practices of the drug producers and distributors. Instead of the war on drugs achieving its objectives of eliminating violent crime and reducing a number of people were taking drugs, the war has mainly just resulted in a dramatic increase prison population with little effect on the supply side of this illegal industry. Statistics collected by theRead MoreEssay about Success and Failure in the US-Mexico War on Drugs2866 Words   |  12 Pages Illegal narcotic drugs represen t a $60 billion market in the U.S., and this year alone the State and Federal governments will each spend roughly $20 billion in attempting to stifle this market. The amount of money involved in the drug trade, substantially inflated due to prohibition, makes both systemic corruption and violence inevitable. The illegal drug trade is a sophisticated international network, and while no nation’s involvement is limited to one economic function, one relationshipRead MoreAmerica s War On Drugs1539 Words   |  7 Pages On June 17th, 1971, President Richard Nixon declared drug abuse to be â€Å"America’s Public Enemy #1† in a press conference in which he called for an â€Å"all out offensive† against this enemy, an initiative that would later be known as America’s War on Drugs. By giving this speech, thus starting â€Å"The War on Drugs,† President Nixon created what would eventually become one of the most catastrophic failures in United State s political history. Analysis of the historical events surrounding Nixon’s declarationRead MoreHow Successful Is The War On Drugs? Essay1001 Words   |  5 PagesThe war on drugs has maintained an accumulation of prohibitions on illegal drugs and mandatory minimum sentencing strategies for drug offenders. Incarceration rates have also increased due to the increase of laws against illegal drugs. In Eugene Jarecki’s film, The House I Live In, Jarecki states that the penalties for crack users were harsher than penalties for regular cocaine users. This suggests that penalties are more of a double standard theory. The â€Å"War on Drugs† is more of a failure that placesRead MoreThe Flawed Drug Policy of America1691 Words   |  7 PagesAmericas Flawed Drug Policy Introduction: As a major policy issue in the United States, the War on Drugs has been one of the most monumental failures on modern record. At a cost of billions of taxpayer dollars, thousands of lives lost and many thousands of others ruined by untreated addiction or incarceration, Americas policy orientation concerning drug laws is due for reconsideration. Indeed, the very philosophical orientation of the War on Drugs and of the current drug policy in the UnitedRead MoreThe War On Drugs And Drugs1486 Words   |  6 PagesThe War on Drugs Despite an estimated $1 trillion spent by the United States on the â€Å"War on Drugs†, statistics from the US Department of Justice (2010) has confirmed that the usage of drugs has not changed over the past 10 years. Approximately $350 billion is spent per year on the â€Å"war on drugs†, only $7 billion is spent on prevention programs by the federal government. The war on drugs is more heavily focused on how to control crime, instead of how to prevent it. Not only is the war on drugs costlyRead MoreThe War on Drugs Essay1507 Words   |  7 PagesDespite an estimated $1 trillion spent by the United States on the â€Å"War on Drugs†, statistics from the US Department of Justice (2010) has confirmed that the usage of drugs has not changed over the past 10 years. Approximately $350 billion is spent per year on the â€Å"war on drugs†, only $7 billion is spent on prevention programs by the federal government. The war on drugs is more heavily focused on how t o fight crime, instead of how to prevent it. Crime prevention methods may not be immediate, butRead MoreThe House I Live By Eugene Jarecki989 Words   |  4 Pagesa 1971 press conference, which the press immediately designates the â€Å"war on drugs†. The House I Live In is a superb film detailing Eugene Jarecki’s journey on an in-depth and all-encompassing view of the war on drugs, and the immense destruction left in its wake. It is necessary to gain a better understanding of how the war on drugs is significant to a 40-year class based destruction, failure of existing drug policies and drug elimination, and the ways fear plays a starring role in the genesis of

Parent Student Letter re Exams Jan Free Essays

New Horizons classes will resume on a regular schedule during the Hampton City Schools exam week. Students will therefore be excused from New Horizons classes when they have exams at Hampton High School, but the student needs to share that with the New Horizons teacher in advance. Students may attend New Horizons when they do not have exams at Hampton High School. We will write a custom essay sample on Parent Student Letter re Exams Jan or any similar topic only for you Order Now Please avoid scheduling dental and medical appointments during the exam period. If illness or some other emergency arises, which prevents a student from being in attendance for a scheduled exam, parents/guardians must communicate with the appropriate teacher(s) to reschedule. If justification for missing an exam cannot be validated and/or no communication occurs between the parent and the school, the student shall be considered unexcused and will receive a â€Å"O† for the semester exam, regardless of the class average. The Attendance Office may be reached at 896-5882 for emergencies during the exam period. If a student arrives with an unexcused tardy to an exam period, he/she may have the remaining time to complete the exam, however additional time will not be provided. If a student arrives with an excused tardy, the teacher may offer additional time prior to the completion of the exam week so that the student has the full 2 hours as needed. Transportation will be the student’s responsibility. Monday, Jan aura 26th, and Tuesday, January 27th, will be Teacher Workdays. Students will not report on either day. The second semester will begin on a RED Day on January 28th. All 1st block class locations will be posted on the walls. Students may have different courses, teachers or room locations. Students will receive complete 2nd semester schedules from their 1st block teachers. We hope this information helps you prepare for the culmination of the 1st semester of the 2014-2015 school year. We wish all of our students success on their exams. Sincerely, The Hampton High School Administrative Team How to cite Parent Student Letter re Exams Jan, Essays

Financial Accounting Introduction Concepts â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Financial Accounting Introduction Concepts? Answer: Introducation Wesfarmers is the largest retrial company listed on Australian stock exchange that was originated in year 1914. The business operations of organization is diverse that involves hotel and convenience stores, supermarkets, liquor, office supplies, home improvement, energy and fertilizers, chemicals, industrial division in office supplies, coal and safety products. The primary objective of organization is to create wealth for shareholders and provide them with satisfactory return. Openness, accountability, integrity and boldness are the core values of organization. Wesfarmers is the largest private sector employing 220000 employees and has a shareholder base of 530000 (wesfarmers.com.au 2017). The positioning of business would help organization in improving their range, service and value along with growth achievement. Group concentrates on improving operational efficiency and in this regard, the outlook seems to be challenging in short-term. Performance of group has been offset by chall enging trade conditions and restructuring activities of one of its group that is Target. Wesfarmers have continued to deliver long-term growth and improved return to shareholders by continuing making investment in customer value, service, online stores and merchandize ranges so that they are able to sustaining the competitive environment. The performances of industrial division have been significantly affected by depressed conditions across retail sector. Earning of respective divisions has declined considerably (Reeve et al. 2014). Organization has good corporate governance, excellent employees and their business portfolio has helped in generating cash over time. Brief summary of directors report: The managing director of Wesfarmers group is Richard Goyder AO and Rob Scott is managing ditector of Wesfarmers industrials in year 2015. Guy Russo joined group as managing director of Kmart and John Durkan was appointeds as managing director of Coles in year 2014. Director report incorporates indemnification and insurance of directors and officers, remuneration of directors and other officers, significant changes in state of affairs and reviewing of operations and results. It involves discussion about corporate governance, environmental performance and regulations, auditors declaration to directors of Wesfarmers limited. The organization has entered into deeds of Insurance indemnity and access with each of directors in accordance with constitution of company (Hoskin et al. 2014). Premium has been paid by group in respect of contracts insuring officers and directors and against certain liabilities that are incurred in capacity. Report also discusses about the remuneration that is paid to senior executives and directors and policies that determines the amount and nature of remuneration payable. Some of significant changes in the state of affairs of group are discussed in directors report and they involve: There has been increase in revenue generated from ordinary activities to $ 65981 million from $ 62447 million. Total value of shareholders equity decreased to $ 22949 million as compared to $ 24781 million in last year to $ 65981 million Fall or decline in net cash from operating activities to $3365 million from $ 3791 million. Value of total assets increased to $ 40783 million from $ 40402 million (com.au 2017). Profit of group has declined significantly to $ 407 million as against $ 2440 million that reduced the dividend that is paid to shareholders. Dividend per share in year 2015 stood at $ 2 cents per share in financial year 2015 as against $ 1.86 in year 2016. Ernst and Young is the auditor of company that has also provide non audited services to consolidated entity of group and they make provision of services. Report also incorporates discussion about company secretary and it depicts that Lenda Kenyon was appointed as secretary of company in year 2002. They are member of leadership team of Wesfarmers and company secretary of number of subsidiaries of group. As legal counsel, Lenda join Wesfarmers in year 1987. The declaration of auditors to the directors of Wesfarmers is provided in directors report that discloses that there have been no contraventions regarding applicable and professional code of conduct while carrying audit (Weil et al. 2013). Moreover, it also depicts that there is no contraventions of the requirement of Corporation act of auditors independence. Brief summary of auditors report: The auditor of Wesfarmers is Ernst and Young that provided non audited services to the consolidated entity of group as well. Audit report incorporates report on financial report, responsibility of auditors, responsibility of directors to the financial report, report on remuneration report and their opinion. All the financial statements involving consolidated balance sheet, consolidated income statement, consolidated statement of changes in equity, consolidated statement of comprehensive income and consolidate cash flow statement have been audited by auditors. Moreover, they have also audited notes to financial statements and all explanatory information from time to time or at the end of financial year. Responsibility of director to express an opinion on financial statements based on audit and audit has been conducted by auditors according to auditing standards of Australia. Audit plan and management have complied with ethical requirements and indicating that financial statements are free from any material misstatement by obtaining reasonable assurances (Otley and Emmanuel 2013). Analyzing the financial health of Wesfarmers limited: As depicted from annual report of Wesfarmers limited that there has been increase in value of sales in financial year 2016. Net sales for year 2016 were recorded at $ 65981 million as against $ 62447 million in year 2015. Revenue from departmental stores increased up to $ 8. 6 billion. Some of subsidiary of Wesfarmers group such as Coles Express has recorded higher volume of sales due to lower fuel price and lower fuel volume (wesfarmers.com.au 2017). Sales of convenience store have also increased due to compelling value offering that continuously resonated with customers. Earnings before interest and taxes were improved due to productivity gains, good trading and disciplines of operating costs (Kemp and Waybright 2016). Across all the areas of business, group experienced growth in value of sales. The net cash flow from operating activities witnessed decline in year 2016. Value of net cash flows from operating activities was recorded at $ 3791 million in financial year 2015 as against $ 3365 million in year 2016 respectively. This indicates that operating cash flow has reduced by 11.2% or reduced by $ 426 million. Fall in net operating cash flow reflects that across retail portfolio there has been higher working capital investments. Moreover, this decline was also attributable to initiatives taken fir improvement in availability of stocks. As observed from the figures provided in consolidated balance sheet of group, there has been reduction in value of retained earnings. Retained earnings stood at $ 2742 million in year 2015 as compared to $ 874 million in year 2016. Wesfarmers has interest bearing loan and borrowing and the amount of loan borrowed has increased in year 2016. The value of borrowings and interest bearing loan has increased from $4615 million in year 2015 to $ 5617 billion in year 2016 respectively. However, no loans were made by group in year 2016 between the management and key personnel and any other related parties. Amount of borrowing and loans is initially recognized at fair value by deducting transaction costs that is measured at amortized cost subsequently using the effective method of interest rate (Maynard 2017). Evaluating the financial health of Wesfarmers limited using ratio analysis: Profitability ratios: Years 2016 2015 2014 Net Profit Margin 0.62% 3.91% 4.47% Return on Assets 1.62 1.55 1.51 Return on Equity 1.71% 9.61% 10.34% The profitability position of group has been evaluated by calculating net profit margin, return on assets and return on equity generated. It can be depicted from above table that there has been decline in net profit margin of group from 4.47% in year 2014 to 3.91% in year 2016 and further to 0.62% in year 2016 respectively. Return on assets have improved from 1.55 in year 2015 to 1.62 in year 2016 that indicates that assets have been utilized efficiently. Considerable decline is witnessed in return from equity from 10.34% in year 2014 to 1.71% in year 2016. It is indicative of the fact that organizations ability to generate profit from shareholders investment has reduced (Crawley and Wahlen 2014). Liquidity ratios: Liquidity position is analyzed by calculating current and quick ratio. Current Ratio 0.93 0.93 1.13 Quick Ratio 0.33 0.37 0.48 Cash flow from operations to current liabilities 0.3228127 0.38977997 0.392028 Current ratio has remained constant at 0.93 for two consecutive years; however it has declined from 1.13 in year 2014 that reflect that liquidity position has not improved. Cash flow ratio has also fallen by some points. This depicts that Wesfarmers management has not been efficient in utilizing their current assets for paying off their short-term obligations (Hoskin et al. 2014). Efficiency ratios: Accounts Receivable Turnover Ratio 21.34 20.49 15.33 Inventory Turnover Ratio 7.27 7.83 7.76 Asset turnover ratio 0.271398326 0.08596139 0.059096 Accounts receivable ratio has increased from 15.33 in year 2014 to 21.34 in year 2016 that indicates that receivables are collected more frequently that is good for business. Inventory turnover, on other hand has reduced by fewer points from 7.83 in year 2015 to 7.27 in year 2016 respectively. It reflects that inventories are converted into sales at regular intervals. Asset turnover ratio has increased from 0.08 in year 2-015 to 0.27 in year 2016 that indicates that organization has efficiently utilized assets for profit generation (Spieceland et al. 2013). Therefore, it can be said that overall efficiency of organization has improved in recent years. Leverage ratios: Leverage position of organization is analyzed by calculating debt to total assets, debt to equity and capital structure leverage Debt to Equity Ratio 0.32 0.26 0.194905 Capital Structure Leverage 1.29 1.59 1.891339 Debt to total assets 0.43729 0.386639 0.34586 Debt to equity ratio has increased from 0.19 in year 2014 to 0.32 in year 2016 that reflects that proportion of dent to total value of equity has increased. It depicts increased dependence of Wesfarmers on loan and borrowings. Debt to total assets has increased to 0.43 in year 2016 compared to 0.38 in year 2015. Organization for financing assets is making use of borrowed capital that is not regarded as good sign. Capital structure leverage has reduced considerably from 1.89 in year 2014 to 1.29 in year 2016. It reflects that proportion of debt to total value of capital has declined. References: Crawley, M. and Wahlen, J., 2014. Analytics in empirical/archival financial accounting research. Business Horizons, 57(5), pp.583-593. Deegan, C., 2013. Financial accounting theory. McGraw-Hill Education Australia. Edwards, J.R., 2013. A History of Financial Accounting (RLE Accounting) (Vol. 29). Financial. Henderson, S., Peirson, G., Herbohn, K. and Howieson, B., 2015. Issues in financial accounting. Pearson Higher Education AU. Hoggett, J., Edwards, L., Medlin, J., Chalmers, K., Hellmann, A., Beattie, C. and Maxfield, J., 2014. Financial accounting. Hoskin, R.E., Fizzell, M.R. and Cherry, D.C., 2014. Financial Accounting: a user perspective. Wiley Global Education. Kahng, L., 2015. Perspectives on the Relationship between Tax and Financial Accounting. Kemp, R. and Waybright, J., 2016. Financial accounting. Pearson. May, G.O., 2013. Financial accounting. Read Books Ltd. Maynard, J., 2017. Financial accounting, reporting, and analysis. Oxford University Press. Oldroyd, D., Tyson, T.N. and Fleischman, R.K., 2015. American ideology, socialism and financial accounting theory: A counter view. Critical Perspectives on Accounting, 27, pp.209-218. Otley, D. and Emmanuel, K.M.C., 2013. Readings in accounting for management control. Springer. Reeve, J.M., Warren, C.S., Duchac, J.E. and Wang, W., 2014. Principles of financial accounting with conceptual emphasis on IFRS. Cengage Learning Asia Pte Limited. Spieceland, D.J., Thomas, W. and Herrmann, D., 2013. Financial accounting. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Weil, R.L., Schipper, K. and Francis, J., 2013. Financial accounting: an introduction to concepts, methods and uses. Cengage Learning. Wesfarmers.com.au. (2017).Home. Available at: https://www.wesfarmers.com.au/ [Accessed 15 Sep. 2017]. Williams, J., 2014. Financial accounting. McGraw-Hill Higher Education.

Sport Drugs and Its Ethic and Morality Impacts

Professional sports are the front for people to get involved in a business where money is abundant and the temptation to be the best is too great. It has been well known that some athletes resort to using drugs that enhance their performance and this is why there is a committee that checks the players for this specific reason.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Sport Drugs and Its Ethic and Morality Impacts specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Ethics and morality have often been a part of the debate in the usage of such drugs and especially, the influence that the case will have on the greater public. In the end, using illegal substances that enhance performance are an unfair way to become better than the rest of the competing players but more importantly, a bad example to the young generation which is very influenced by the reputation and image of the professional athletes. The All-Star game Most Valuable Player Melky Cabrera of the San Francisco Giants and Former AL Cy Young Award winner Oakland Athletics starter Bartolo Colon are two professionals who have been using testosterone to enhance their playing skills. The sports federation has made a decision to suspend both players for 50 games, so the case is rather significant because the publicity and lessons that have to be learned are not only those of the men suspended (Melky Cabrera suspended 50Â  games, 2012). The most important aspect of the situation is that these players are employees. They are given a job and certain requirements are laid out that are attributable to all employees. Because the drugs influence bodily functions and change the chemical make-up, it is considered illegal and unethical to get involved in such an activity. The workplace or environment that these professionals are in is very unique, as it is very public and so, ethical considerations must be complied with even more. Also, because sport is a form of business, th e reputation of the whole industry might be at stake. People expect responsible and proper actions from any Major League Sports, so it is instrumental that no situation affects the way people view the organization. In case the public develops a negative attitude towards the players or a sport, it will directly suffer. People are the ones who make sports demanded and so, a shift in preference will affect everyone involved in the corporation (Another player receives 50-game Ban, 2012). Another issue is the safety of the players and the image in regards to proper procedures that are presented. There are no guarantees that the drugs used will not have a negative side effect on the body or mind of the people who took vthem.Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As the studies are very limited, it is unclear how the body will react in the long term. But more importantly, the health concern is in relation to the children and public. If professional players use drugs, they are viewed as role models for the younger generation, and this will make it seem acceptable to take drugs. Children will feel that it is safe to do, as professionals are taking them, so there will be even greater concern for the health of young people. Ethics are a crucial part of the world and so, every effort must be taken in supporting and ensuring that morality stays on a high level. From all perspectives, the use of drugs is regulated by the law and is made illegal. Even if some will accept the possibility of certain drugs being less harmful than others, it is still improper to use substances that will affect the organism. Melky Cabrera and Bartolo Colon have received a suspension for their actions and it is rather justified. Morally, it would be wise to set an example that such actions will not be tolerated. Even though it might be said that it was a lengthy and unfair suspension and no one was hurt, it was still a wrong thing to do. From the perspective of utilitarianism, the greater good or the most amount of happiness should be applied. It could be said that by taking the enhancement drugs, the athletes would provide better performance and thus, bring more happiness to the viewers. The only people they are potentially hurting are themselves and so, it would be allowed for the benefit of the majority. But even though it might seem as a harmless and even positive act, the damage that could be done from the reputation of such matter could be much greater. Even if no one finds out about their act, it is still immoral and is done by deceiving and lying to people. But more importantly, if children and the public will think that these sorts of acts will go unpunished, the use of illegal drugs will be increased and the health of people will be impacted. This would create much more unhappiness in the lives of all people who use drugs, in addition to their relatives and friends who will also be affected by the negative behavior. From either perspective the use of drug enhancing substances is wrong and should not be permitted. The reputation and morality illustrate that it is unethical in all aspects of the matter. References Another player receives 50-game Ban. (2012). Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/23/sports/baseball/baseball-bartolo-colon-suspended-failed-drug-test.html?_r=0Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Sport Drugs and Its Ethic and Morality Impacts specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Melky Cabrera suspended 50Â  games. (2012). Retrieved from https://www.espn.com/mlb/story/_/id/8271981/melky-cabrera-san-francisco-giants-suspended-50-games This essay on Sport Drugs and Its Ethic and Morality Impacts was written and submitted by user Kimber Garcia to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Entrepreneurship An Emirati Perspective

Entrepreneurship An Emirati Perspective Encouraging private entrepreneurship in the highly competitive environment of a globalized market is not an easy task; however, by addressing the current economic, political and financial issues efficiently in order to encourage the progress of private entrepreneurship and introduce European and American standards into public and private entrepreneurship, the government of UAE will be able to handle the current problems faced in the private and public sector. In their research Entrepreneurship: An Emirati perspective, Halah El-Sokari, Constance Van Horne, Zeng-Yu Huang, and Mouawiya Al Awad discuss the problems that entrepreneurs face nowadays and provide the methods of dealing with these problems. Although the research does not cover all of the problematic issues, which the Saudi Arabian entrepreneurship is currently suffering from, it still offers a fairly decent account of the significant problems and the strategies that can improve the current state of affairs and reinforce the U AE business sphere. The research features some of the grand accomplishments of the UAE government in defining the current entrepreneurial issues. To start with, it is crucial that the research was conducted based on the results of a statewide survey since it allowed for not only providing the audience with the latest (2006–2011) data but also the information regarding both domestic UAE companies and the companies located in other states. Another strong point of the given report concerns the authors’ skill of noticing the critical tendencies in the UAE business sphere and bringing these tendencies to the readers’ attention. One of the least expected and, quite honestly, the most welcomed ones concerned the introduction of the so-called intrapreneurship into the UAE business sphere. According to the definition provided by the authors of the study, intrapreneurship can be defined as a â€Å"type of entrepreneurial activity which is recognized and measured by the G EM survey is employee entrepreneurship† [1, p. 16]. By emphasizing the fact that a number of UAE employees showing the signs of entrepreneurial activity, the authors of the research state that the rates of the private business initiative are growing fast within the UAE setting, which is a perfect sign for the state’s economic improvement. The given conclusion is crucial for the further evolution of the UAE business, since, at present, the state economy depends on SMEs for the most part. Therefore, it is the duty of the state government leaders to do everything possible in order to encourage the development of SMEs. Seeing how the phenomenon of intrapreneurship contributes to the evolution of small businesses in that it encourages employees to start their own small business. Another apparent strength of the paper concerns the description of the Entrepreneurship Leave framework, which is bound to have a significant effect on the UAE SMEs evolution and the economic growth in general. Not only do the authors provide a detailed overview of the given strategy, but also explain its significance in the context of the â€Å"diversified knowledge economy† [1, p. 21], making it clear that the competitiveness increase, which the given strategy triggers, is exactly what the UAE economy needs. The role of social networking in the reconstruction of the Emirati economy is the third element that makes the given report stand out. In the era of globalization, when significant companies join to create transnational corporations, the means of getting in touch, as well as expanding, promoting services to different states and making essential business connections. Social networks have gained incredible weight as both the means to promote directly to the target audience and keep in touch with the latter, creating the illusion of an essential link between the potential customers and the company in question, therefore, engaging people into a conversation and, with t he basic principles of customer psychology applied, thrilling them into making a purchase and using the company’s services. It was also brilliant of the authors of the research to come up with an average UAE businessman profile; with an academic endeavor of their own, Halah El-Sokari, Constance Van Horne, Zeng-Yu Huang, and Mouawiya Al Awad have defined the key features of an average UAE entrepreneur quite precisely. Finally, Halah El-Sokari, Constance Van Horne, Zeng-Yu Huang, and Mouawiya Al Awad must be credited for finally shedding light on such a painfully notorious issue within the UAE business sphere as the obstacles on the way of female entrepreneurs. It is rather impressive that the authors discuss the problem in a separate chapter, outlining the critical issues regarding the progress of female entrepreneurship, taking the cultural aspects of the UAE into account and providing an overview of the measures that are undertaken to address the problem. However, the resear ch also contains several rather weak or, at the very least, dubious elements. First of all, one of the most notorious issues in the UA business sphere, the fact that the private sector is dominated by foreign businessmen, has been ignored in the report. While the authors mention that migrant labor is used in the UAE, stressing the need to â€Å"encourage Entrepreneurial Population by reaching out to all demographic groups including youth, women, seniors, migrants, and the unemployed† [1 p. 111], they provide only a short paragraph with a brief mentioning of the issue without going into any further detail about the problems that the UAE natives suffer, or mentioning the rates of unemployment induced by the unwillingness of foreign owners of private companies to recruit native residents of the UAE. While the report seems to represent other current UAE issues quite decently, Halah El-Sokari, Constance Van Horne, Zeng-Yu Huang, and Mouawiya Al Awad have ignored the question above of foreigners ripping the UAE citizens off of their right to compete with immigrants. Drawing the conclusion, one must admit that the authors of the report did a reasonably good job by conducting such vast research. However, some of the significant issues have still been overlooked, which means that the given report needs further improvement. The study admittedly has a number of strong points, covering most of the problems that the modern UAE businessmen, company owners, and employees face regularly. It is also quite refreshing that the study embraces not only political and economical but also social issues, allowing one to define more factors that shape the current UAE market. However, the research also has several problems in terms of the integrity of the results; for example, the lack of insight on the gender profiling issues within the present-day UAE business sphere, as well as the lack of analysis. With that being said, the report still provides an excellent general overview of the UAE economic situation and gives much food for thoughts. With several minor corrections, the presented research could provide the basis for drafting a plan of the UAE financial situation improves. Reference List [1]. H. El-Sokari, C. Van Horne, Z.-Y. Huang and M. Al Awad. Entrepreneurship: An Emirati perspective. The Institute for Social and Economic Research (ISERI), Essex, UK, 2013.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Entrepreneurship: An Emirati Perspective specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More

All About Chinese Wedding Flowers

All About Chinese Wedding Flowers Chinese wedding flowers are used mostly as a decoration on tables at Chinese weddings and large bouquets of colorful flowers (typically pink and red) are often given to the bride and groom as gifts. These elaborate bouquets usually line the hall leading to the wedding reception. Some brides opt to carry a small bouquet though this is usually just for wedding photos. Lilies are popular Chinese wedding flowers because the word lily (ç™ ¾Ã¥ Ë†, bÇŽi hà ©) sounds like the ç™ ¾Ã¥ Ë† ( bÇŽi hà ©) part of the proverb ç™ ¾Ã¥ ¹ ´Ã¥ ¥ ½Ã¥ Ë† (BÇŽinin hÇŽo hà ©, happy union for one hundred years). The flower also represents bringer of sons. Orchids are another popular Chinese wedding flower. Orchids symbolize love and a married couple. Orchids also represent wealth and fortune. The lotus is also a popular Chinese wedding flower. A lotus bloom with a leaf and bud symbolizes a complete union. Two lotus blooms or a lotus and a blossom on one stem represent a wish for shared heart and harmony because è  · (hà ©) means union.